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Phosphoric acid is a kind of reducing inorganic acid, also called non-oxidizing acid. Its corrosiveness to the material depends on the type of phosphoric acid. Phosphoric acid and wet-process phosphoric acid are two types of phosphoric acid currently used in industrial applications. The former is...Read more »

HF acid is a reductive inorganic acid widely used in chemical processing. The industrially applicable HF acid concentration ranges from 30% to 70% HF aqueous solution and anhydrous HF. Although chemically classified, HF acid is a weak acid relative to hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, but its ...Read more »

Hydrochloric acid is one of the most aggressive corrosive reducing acids, and its corrosion to metal materials was a major technical problem that the corrosion resistant structure was difficult to solve. The corrosion rate of industrial pure nickel 200,201 and nickel-copper alloy Monel 400 in roo...Read more »

Overall corrosion: Full corrosion can occur in acids, salts, aqueous alkalis, and some corrosive gases. When the composition of the alloy is confirmed, the two dominant factors affecting its overall corrosion resistance are material and environmental effects. Material factors are heat treatment a...Read more »

Produced background Petrochemical industry hydrogenation reactor, the original flow tower, coal liquefaction reactors and nuclear power plant thick-walled pressure vessels and other internal surfaces are required large-area surfacing high temperature resistant, anti-oxidation and hydrogen sulfide...Read more »

Inconel 600 is an alloy that can be applied to aeroengine components. 600 alloy is a nickel-chromium-iron based solid solution strengthening alloy with good high temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance, excellent hot and cold processing and welding process performance, with satisfactory t...Read more »

inconel625 Inconel625 is an alloy grade with a density of 8.4 g / cm3 and a melting point of 1290-1350 ° C. It has excellent resistance to inorganic acid corrosion and excellent corrosion resistance to various corrosive media in oxidation and reduction environments. 625 alloy shows excellent corr...Read more »

Duplex steel and PRE value To evaluate the ability of duplex stainless steel to resist pore  (point) corrosion in a chloride environment, the equivalent pitting  resistance (PRE) PRE =% Cr + 3.3% Mo + 16% N Super Duplex Stainless Steel: Duplex steel with PREN> 40, containing 25% &nbs...Read more »

What is quenching?   Quenching refers to heating the steel above the critical temperature, holding it for a certain period of time, and then rapidly cooling (greater than the critical cooling rate) to obtain a martensitic heat treatment process. The purpose of quenching is to obtain martensi...Read more »

The tempering is a heat treatment process that the parts after quenching heated below a certain temperature below Ac1 is heated for a certain time after cooling to room temperature. Quenched steel generally not directly be used, must be together with tempered. The purpose of tempering is to reduc...Read more »

Nickel-based alloy is a kind of alloy with comprehensive properties such as high strength and certain anti-oxidation and corrosion resistance under 650 ~ 1000 ℃ high temperature. In accordance with the main performance and subdivided into nickel-based heat-resistant alloys, nickel-based corrosion...Read more »

Annealing and normalizing The choice of process between annealing or normalizing mainly are based on the type of steel, processing technology (cold, hot), parts of the use of performance and economic considerations.   For carbon content wC <0.25% -0.5% mild steel, usually use normalizing ...Read more »

Normalizing is the heat treatment method that the steel is heated to Ac3 (total analysis of steel) or Accm- (hypereutectoid steel) above 30-50 ℃ for a period of time, and then cooling in the air or in forced air to room temperature. Normalizing is faster than annealing and cooling, so the normali...Read more »

Spheroidizing annealing is the heat treatment method that the steel or blank is heated slightly above Ac1 20 ~ 30 C for a certain period of time, so that the secondary cementite in the steel spontaneously transforme into granular cementite, and then cooled slowly to Room temperature. Spheroidizin...Read more »

Recrystallization annealing is the heat treatment process that the metal after cold deformation is heated to above the recrystallization temperature for a certain period of time so that the deformed grains can be transformed into a uniform equiaxed grain. Recrystallization annealing heating tempe...Read more »

Releasing stress annealing: releasing stress annealing,also known as low-temperature annealing,which is heated to 500 ゚ C ~ 650 ゚ C ,insulation for a period of time, and then slowly cooled to 300 ゚ C ~ 200 ゚ C before out of furnace. it is widely used due to stress relief annealing temperature...Read more »

Homogenization Annealing: In order to reduce the chemical composition and the inhomogeneity of the castings or ingots, they are heated to slightly below the solidus temperature (100 ゚ C ~ 200 ゚ C below the melting point of the steel), incubated for a long time and cooled slowly , so that chemic...Read more »

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 10.5px Helvetica} Isothermal annealing is to heat steel to Ac3, (or Ac1,) above 20-30 ℃. Insulate for a certain time and then quickly Cooled to the subcooled austenite isothermal transition curve near the 'nose' temperature...Read more »